wells



Patented Apr. 22, 1924.

UNITED STATES y 1,491,073 PATENT OFFICE.

JAY L. WELLS, OFIETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR T0 GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY, OF

nnrnorr, MICHIGA,NA conronnfrrolv oF DELAWARE 'METHOD 0F MANUFACTUING VALVES.

App'ncaun mea March 2S, 1920. serial No. 368,7'26.

To all whom 'it may concern.:V

Be it Aknown that I., JAY L. WnLLs, citi zen of the United States,I residing at4 Detroit, county of lVayne, State of Michi han, have invented a certain new and useful mthe art to which it pertainsto make and use the same, reference being had to the acf` companyiner drawings," which forma partof this specification..

My invention relates to valve with a cast iron head welded.V to a` metalstem. The stem would preferablybe formed of steel and the welding process here shown is an electrical one; .-Thisg method consists in the shaping of the head and stem after apeculiar fashion and-#1in the process of welding adopted-. f; I.

. In the drawingf. y

Figure 1 .is all .el-VtOn partil inJ cross, section of the valvefbefore the we ding process has begun y 1 Fig. 2 is an elevationpartlyA in'crossfsecf tion oa completely formedvalve;`

Fig. 3 .isan elevationoftheJalYE-.Stenr .Fi 4 is a crossssection takennonthe line' In .-thefwel ingof;.a .,..c'adst`'iron headlto a steel sternl to form-aI valve man'y methods have beenf and arenow in` use both electrical and ,with the Oxy-acetylene4 torchyjYery generally the result hasfaile'd to meet the expectation and the jointure formedg-between` the head andthe stem has proven to be faulty.. In tlie:process of electrically welding .these 'parts together, a perfect jointure is veryrarely the-result.V At vone particular spotthe weldjmay be perfect, but due-to the different temperatures at which steel and cast iron melt, the difference in cross-sectional arca of the parts to be weld.- edand the lack of means to control the heat in other methods. oxidizationat. the surface or due to imperfections in the metal litself the weld at other points' will be imperfect.

Applicant provides a specially formed head and stem. The stern is inserted within a recess provided in the head and the electrir` current is allowed to flow therethru intermittently so as to soak the heat inwardly. Pressure is then exerted on oppoa method of inail-i uacturing valves. The object is to form a;

site sides of the head so as to 'force the metal of the. head, when in the melted state, inwardly into the grooves formed in the stem .fusing said head and stem together. The hea.dand stem are formed by cutting or shearing the -`excessive material away to make a completed valve.

Let; a represent a cast ironvalve head formed with an axial portion rojecting substantially equally beyond each ace there of indicatedas band b2. The portionV 'b2 which projects from the face of the valve which will form the seat thereof and thru which the stem is inserted, is axially Vperforated as shown, providing a tapered recessed opening c extending thru this axial portion b2 Vand thrutheportion a which will form the headfof the completed valve and into the oppositely disposed axial portion b. rlhis recessis taperedlinwardly. A. stemd is tapered as at e, the taper .being suoli as to permit the stein to enter the ref eessed opening c .in thevalve head suiiiciently 'so thatI the end of the stemwill lie flush with the projechon'fo'ii the surface plane ofthe opposite iaceofv thel valve.; It, willv be, `seen that-fthe stern does not. com-4 pletely illthislgrecess'ed opening. It will be furtherobserved thatthe taper of the recessed opening and .the stemwill 'socoact aSI- togage the distancethe stem will pro-V ject into this recessed opening. They stem is furthe; `provided with apcircumferential groove, around.V its tapered portion indicated as f. Leading from-fths"ciroumferential groovertothe taperedendof the stem are spiral groovesf g andg2 crossing each other so as to lock the stem when welded in' po sition. The stern Vso -formed is inserted in the opening, provided in the head. .IY rovide a suitable electrical; welding maciine for Welding` the head andstenn together. For ,purposes'of explanation I prefer lto Show indiagramin Fig. 1 electrical contact terminals h andi. Contact terminal IL is provided with aV central passagewaythrough .which the stem Vextends and is provided with a concavedie face adapted to exert 'pressure inwardly upoithe portion b2 of the'head. The opposite 'contact'terminal 'i' is likewise formed with a concave face adapted to exert pressure on the opposite portion b of the head. The electrical current is then passed through the head and stem: Pressure inwardly is exerted on the portions b and L2 ci the head and when the thet'al in the head has melted sufficiently the plressure e.\'- erted at opposite sides of the ead forces such molten metal into the grooves f and r/ in the stem completely filling said rooves. The metal of the head and stem is ikeivise fused together. It is suggested that theJ electrical current be permitted to flow thru intermittently so as not to produce too high a temperature at the contact points before the interior of the head is heated.

It Will be further observed that the electric contacts do not lie directlyvagainst the 'Face ot the valve hea-d and that such burning of metal as might take place at those Contact points would not injure the 'Formed valve head in any way.

What I claiin is:

l. In' the process of making a ralve by formingr a cast iron head with a substantially, equal axial portion projecting from each side thereof, forming an axial recess in said head, inserting` a valve stem, therein, electrically welding the saine in place by disposing-the electric Contact terminals of the welding' machine at opposite ends of the axial portion of the head, passingr electric current therethrough and exerting inward pressure thereont l '2. 'In a method -of miinfactiiring valves, forming a cast v'i1-n' he'djilvith an axial projection' extending frorn'eachside thereof, axially 'perf'oa'ting said {hea-d tlilu and Slightly beyond that paaien what winsform the coflnpleted he'atl, inserting a valve stein within said axial perforation, electrically welding -Slai 'stein in place by applying' electric contacts ofthe fiveldinlg machine -to opposite, 1i-as j'f-Said @sin perrier-aad esertiligpressire inwardly: toward the head, removing fthe ekee'ssn of niet'al to Y Shape the Vlvjfrm: f Q .The veine'nt i'n the ,a'itof 'making @valve-tn istiiig bf 'fm-innig. a ast Airii head withk'n axial o'rtion projecting from each-side thereof, omringen-'axial recess iii'sid'vliefad throu'h one of sid'aii'ial portions', x,su'ch recess ein'g tapered inwardly, inserting viist'ern.tapered to, -enter said recess minnie giraf-ef Athe Ste-m is ,substantially 'Hush the lpro' ectiono'f= the siirface plane ofl thefface o'f tilie head opposite the side freni which the stern is entered, electrically weldingls'aid stern in position'b'y applying Contact terminals-of a' Welding machine to oppositecends' o'f the axial portion ofthe head and, assing 'electrical lcurrent interini'ttntly 't "e'rthiu, eir'ert'in pressure upon said' a'ir'ial' portions inwar ly toit/ard the head', removing* theexeess of metal to shape the vaigv.

4. The in"rovhit in Vthe art of nianufetuing va ves which .consists in 'forming a ca'st iron head provided with 'an axial portin vprojecting from each side'thereof, z"forming an axial tapered recess in said cast iron head through one of said axial portions, providinj;l a inetal stein tapered to enter said re Cess but not to pass thru and beyond that portion of the head which will torrn the completed valve, inserting said valve stein in said recess, electrically welding,r the saine in place by applying` electric current to said head and stem and cxertinrgT pressure inner-diy toward the lit-nd upon said axially projecting portions.

5. In a method oi n'iaini'lacturing valves, forming a cast iron head with :in axial por-- tion projectingr .from opposite sides thereof and which is substantially larger indiameter than the valve stern to be fitted to the head forming a tapered axial recess through the head portion of the casting` which extends into the axial portion, insertingl a tapered metal stein into such recess, which stenris of such dimension as not to extend beyond the opposite face of the completed valve head, fusing said stein and head together by passing an electrical current therethrough and exerting pressure inwardly on opposite sides of said head during the time it is in a heated condition, shaping said head to form.

6. In a process for making valves, forniing a cast iron head provided With an axial portion of substantially greater diameter than the stein to be fitted therein projecting from each side of said hea'd, providing a tapered :axial recess in said head adapted to receive a tapered stem, providing a tapered stem adapted to enter said recess and formed With'a circumferential groove and spiral grooves extending from. the end of said taper to said' circumferential groove, inserting said stein in v"s's'i'id 'recess4 Welding the same in place by applying-eontact terminals of the welding-mechanism to' the ends' 'ofthe axial portion 'carried by thejhe'ad, passin' electric lcurrent through -said -h'ead an st'eIn and exerting pressure inwardly toward the head on the opposite endsof the 'axial portion.

7. The process' of inah'ng a valve, consists ing` in providing cast iron head 'with an axialpo'rtion projectingl from' each side thereof, o'rr'ninga'n axial recess inisari'd' head through one of 'said 4projecting portions, 'inexerting avalve stein in "said recess, el'ectri` cally Welding the stein in lplace by disposing the electrical 'cont-'act terminals of the Weld'- i'n'g-in'achine at opposite ends of the 'axially projecting portion of the head, passing *electric current Aand 'exerting inward pressure there-Oh. y

8. A method of vmaking articles'isu'ch as valves comprising the forma-tion of 'a head having :in integral boss and 'a socket adjacent thereto, positioning a stern in "said socket, 'softening the metal of said boss and adjacent portions of the head by heating,

and causing said metal to take the form of and closely fit the end of the stem.

9. A method of making articles such as valves comprising the formation of a head having an integral boss and a socket adjacent thereto, positionin in said socket a stein having portions forme to interlock with the metal of said head, softening the metal of said boss and adjacent portions of the head by heating, and causin the softened metal to conform to and inter ock with the stem.

' 10. A method of making articles such as valves comprising the formation of a head having an integral boss located centrally of one side and a central socket, positioning a stemvwithin said socket with its end below said boss, and fusing the metal of the boss and adjacent ortions of the head to permit said metal to ow around and closely lit the end of the stem, the boss containing sufficient metal to take the place of that flowing into the socket.

11. A method of making articles such as valves comprising the formation of a cast metal head having an integral boss located centrally of one side and a central socket, positioning a stem in said socket, said stem hav ing portions formed to interlock with the meta of the head when fused, and fusing the metal of the boss and adjacent portions of the head to permit said metal to flow around and form interlocking engagement with said portions.

12. A method of making articles such as valves comprising the formation of a head having a socket therein, positioning a stein within said socket, and softening the metal of said head to permit said metal to low around the end of said stem by passing electric current through said head, the electrodes being arranged to contact with the head only.

13. A method of making articles such as valves comprising the formation of a head member having a socket therein, positioning a stem within said socket, causing one electrode to engage with the head over the qsocket and another with the head around but out of contact with the stem, and passing current between said electrodes to cause the soften# ing of the metal lof the head whereby said metal may be caused to fit closely the ortion of the stem positioned within said soc et.

14. A method of making articles such asV valves comprising the formation of a. head having an integral boss thereon and a. socket, positioning a stem within said socket, causing one electrode to contact with said boss and another with the head independently of the stem and passing current between said electrodes to cause the softening of the metal 3i of said head whereby said metal may be caused to fit closely the end of the ste 15. A method of making valves comprising the formation of a head having an integral boss centrally positioned thereon and a socket on the side opposite said boss and centrall thereof, positioning a stem within said soc et, placing electrodes in contact, one with the boss and the other with the head around but out of contact with the stem,

passing current between said electrodes and through the boss and head to thereby soften the material of the boss and head, and causing the same to flow about and fit closely to the end of thestem.

In testimony whereof, I sign this specification.

J AY L. WELLS. 

